Showing posts with label Personal Equation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Personal Equation. Show all posts

Tuesday, 19 May 2009

Friday May 18, 1894

Airy's transit cicle in use at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, from E. Dunkin, The frame of the Personal Equation Machine was sent to Troughton & Simms to be adapted to the new system of wires in the T.C.


Frank Dyson, Chief Assistant





RH says..... Christie described the Observatory's Personal Equation Machine in an article for the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1887, explaining that it was used with the Airy Transit Circle "with a view of determining absolute personal equations, the variations of personal equation depending upon the direction of movement, the velocity, and the magnitude of the star observed, and personality in observations of limbs of the Sun, Moon, or planets."
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E. Walter Maunder in his 1900 book on the Observatory, explained how a transit measurement was made at Greenwich, with the "system of wires" Dyson refers to here.
"The watcher who wishes to observe the passing of a star must note two things: he must know in what direction to point his telescope, and at what time to look for the star. Then, about two minutes before the appointed time, he takes his place at the eyepiece. As he looks in he sees a number of vertical lines across his field of view. These are spider-threads placed in the focus of the eye-piece. Presently, as he looks, a bright point of silver light, often surrounded by little flashing, vibrating rays of colour, comes moving quickly, steadily onward -- 'swims into his ken,' as the poet has it. The watcher's hand seeks the side of the telescope till his finger finds a little button, over which it poises itself to strike. On comes the star, 'without haste, without rest,' till it reaches one of the gleaming threads. Tap! The watcher's finger falls sharply on the button. Some three or four seconds later and the star has reached another 'wire,' as the spider-threads are commonly called. Tap! Again the button is struck."

Saturday, 2 May 2009

Wednesday May 2, 1894

Mr Plummer left, having completed his obsns for personal equation with the portable Transit in the Transit Pavilion.
Meting of Solar Eclipse Comee at the R.A.S. at 3 & 4. Royal Society Soiree.

William Christie, Astronomer Royal


RH says..... This event at the Royal Society - one of their regular soirees or conversazione - was reported in the journal Nature on 10 May 1894 (which, unfortunately, you can only see if you or your institution subscribes - which mine does not). This fantastic image illustrating a Royal Society 'gentleman's conversazione' is from the Daily Graphic in 1890. See more here.



Tuesday, 3 February 2009

Saturday February 3, 1894

Rebekah Higgitt says.....
There is a brief gap in both the Astronomer Royal's and Chief Assistant's Journals at this point, suggesting that events at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich were of a routine nature. However, the list of equatorial observations among the archives in Cambridge do record that on 3 February 1894 Right Ascension and North Polar Distance observations were taken of the Crab Nebula.


The Crab Nebula: the shattered remenants of a massive star after a super nova explosion. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Gehrz (University of Minnesota) on NASA website.

The 1894 Report of the Astronomer Royal to the Board of Visitors gives a bit more information. The observations were made with the Sheepshanks Equatorial (named after its donor, Richard Sheepshanks) and the observations were made "for determination of personality in cometary observations". In other words, they wanted to test the differences in observations when made by different observers, or their Personal Equations. December 1893 had seen observations of Comet Brooks, March-April 1894 was to see Comet Denning, in May-July 1894 Comet Gale was visible, and Encke's Comet arrived at the end of the year.

This image, from the NASA website, is not, of course, quite what the Greenwich observers would have seen through the Sheepshanks Equatorial!

Thursday, 18 December 2008

Monday January 1, 1894

William E. Plummer
Mr W. E. Plummer came to the Observatory to make observations for Personal Equation in connection with the determination of the longitude of the Liverpool Observatory.


H.H. Turner, Chief Assistant
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Rebekah Higgitt said...
New Year's Day at the Observatory and it's business as usual, with the Chief Assistant hosting the director of a provincial observatory. Finding the exact longitude of Liverpool in order to aid accurate navigation and time determination was the main purposes of Liverpool's Observatory. This work was, therefore, fundamental to the core remit of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, which was founded to aid navigation by mapping the stars in order to find a means of calculating longitude at sea.